Louis Armstrong: From Childhood To Adulthood Essay -- essays research

Louis Armstrong: From Childhood to Adulthood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you think of Louis Armstrong you probably think of a jolly middle-aged man who can play the cornet like no one else, a man who had it all, a man who had the good life. Well, Louis was not always that lucky. From childhood to his adulthood, Louis Armstrong changed much as a person and a musician. He worked very hard to become what he became and did not let anything get in the way of becoming a musician. In this paper, you will read about how Louis Armstrong became one of the most influential people/musicians of his time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis Armstrong’s childhood was not of the normal childhoods most of us have had. He had a very hard and painful childhood. He was treated very harshly by his family and the people around him. His mother did not even care enough to keep his birth certificate. That is why no one is really sure of Louis’s birthdate ,but people believe he was born around 1898, in New Orleans. Around Louis’s time of birth, many blacks were confined to live in the slums. The slums were in a way like ghettos. They were very poor, dirty areas where people who hadn’t much money would live. In the slums, there was much violence, drug circulation and prostitution. The only people that made any money in the slums were either the hustlers or the musicians. Considering Louis was not related to anyone of that status he and his family had very little money. That left Louis with no possessions whatsoever. He hadn’t any toys to play with, he didn’t even have a simple stick just to keep him occupied. His clothes were at the lowest of the low class. He was confined to wearing a dress as a younger child until he was a little older, then he had hand me down shirts and shorts to wear. His choice of foods was limited to rice and beans. His family did not make enough money to get better food than that. His family did not have enough of anything to keep him happy. He felt like nobody loved him. When he was born his father left his mother and him to start another life with another family. His mother always was out leaving Louis to fend for himself. But before Louis had lived with his mother he lived with his grandmother. His grandma took the best care of him out of anybody in his family. She always made sure that Louis was fed and that he was not alone. She was the only per... ...uch that he could not get his shoes on. Soon after that Louis was ordered to stay at the Beth Israel Hospital under doctor’s orders. After his final concert he returned there for the last time. He was planning another concert when he died July 6, 1971. Louis’s death was deeply saddening for everyone, but especially Lil. She conducted the band at his funeral in his memory. A memorial service followed which President Nixon attended and spoke at. That was the sad ending of Louis Armstrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To conclude my paper I would like to highlight Louis’s life. He was just a poor child from New Orleans. He had very little education. He had to take care of his sister and himself 90% of the day until he was and adult. He had to work twice as hard as most people have to worked to get where he got to. He was just a simple man who from the beginning just wanted to play music. But he got so much more than just that and was able to fulfil his life to the fullest. Louis Armstrong will always be remembered as a wonderful man with a passion for playing the cornet beautifully. At least we have his music, movies and television appearances which keep him a live to this very day.

Businesses and the Environment: Roles, Obligations, and Implications

Hundreds of individuals are being killed from the repercussions caused by the lack of concern towards the welfare of the environment. In fact, the drastic changes in the weather, the increase in occurrence of natural calamities, as well as the rise of sea level, are just a few of the well documented changes to the planet that are currently posing risks against mankind.In this sense, it is not refutable that businesses, due to the general goal of raising income, have in a way contributed to the occurrence of such environmental problems through various means.Therefore, with the global trend of addressing these environmental concerns through the individual level, I believe that businesses must also take part in the effort through lowering the ecological footprint of their operations. The term ecological footprint pertains to the overall usage of resources as well as release of byproducts which may be applied at the business level (Global Footprint Network [GFN], 2009). Businesses consum e and pollute at an elevated rate gains a greater ecological footprint which means that the business significantly adds to environmental damage.Hence, in order for businesses to gain a lower ecological footprint rating, examples of what can be done including the use of alternative power sources, taking consideration of harvesting and fishing limits, shifting or imposing more efficient trade routes, and using more energy efficient processes or machinery. It is apparent that adopting a business practice that places the welfare of the environment into consideration may not be as complex as commonly thought of.In fact, some of the practices might even lead into bigger savings, as the use of more efficient devices most commonly results in the reduction of operating costs for example.Aside from benefits that businesses must consider, the most important idea that business leaders must keep in mind is that if in the future the environment worsens further to the point of humans being elimina ted, then such a future will indeed be not good for business. Reference Global Footprint Network. (2009, April 27). Overview. Footprint Basics. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www. footprintnetwork. org/en/index. php/GFN/page/footprint_basics_overview/.

What is Social Class, and Why Does it Matter

Class, economic class, socio-economic class, social class. Whats the difference? Each refers to how people are sorted into groups—specifically ranked hierarchies—in society. There are, in fact, important differences among them. Economic Class Economic class refers specifically to how one ranks relative to others in terms of income and wealth. Simply put, we are sorted into groups by how much money we have. These groups are commonly understood as lower (the poorest), middle, and upper class (the richest).  When someone uses the word class to refer to how people are stratified in society, they are most often referring to this. The model of economic class we use today is a derivation of German philosopher Karl Marxs (1818–1883) definition of class, which was central to his theory of how society operates in a state of class conflict. In that state, an individuals power comes directly from ones economic class position relative to the means of production—one is either an owner of capitalist entities or a worker for one of the owners. Marx and fellow philosopher Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) presented this idea in  The Manifesto of the Communist Party, and Marx expounded in much greater length in  volume one of his work called Capital. Socio-Economic Class Socio-economic class, also known as socioeconomic status  and often abbreviated as SES, refers to how other factors, namely occupation and education, are combined with wealth and income to rank a person relative to others in society. This model is inspired by the theories of German sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920), who viewed the stratification of society as a result of the combined influences of economic class, social status (the level of a persons prestige or honor relative to others), and group power (what he called party). Weber defined party as the level of ones ability to get what they want, despite how others may fight them on it. Weber wrote about this in an essay titled The distribution of power within the political community: Class, status, party, in his 1922 book  Economy and Society, published after his death. Socio-economic class is a more complex formulation than economic class because it takes into account the social status attached to certain professions considered prestigious, like doctors and professors, for example, and to educational attainment as measured in academic degrees. It also takes into account the lack of prestige or even stigma that may be associated with other professions, like blue-collar jobs or the service sector, and the stigma often associated with not finishing high school.  Sociologists typically create data models that draw on ways of measuring and ranking these different factors to arrive at a low, middle, or high SES for a given person. Social Class The term social class is often used  interchangeably with SES, both by the general public and by sociologists alike. Very often when you hear it used, that is what it means. In a technical sense, however, social class is used to refer specifically to  the characteristics that are less likely to change, or harder to change, than ones economic status, which is potentially changeable over time. In such a case, social class refers to the socio-cultural aspects of ones life, namely the traits, behaviors, knowledge, and lifestyle that one is socialized into by ones family. This is why class descriptors like lower, working, upper, or high can have social as well as economic implications for how we understand the person described. When someone uses classy as a descriptor, they are naming certain behaviors and lifestyle and framing them as superior to others.  In this sense, social class is determined strongly by ones level of cultural capital, a concept developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) in his 1979 work Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Bourdieu said that levels of class are determined by the attainment of a specific set of knowledge, behaviors, and skills that allow a person to navigate in society. Why Does It Matter? So why does class, however you want to name it or slice it, matter? It matters to sociologists because the fact that it exists reflects unequal access to rights, resources, and power in society—what we call social stratification. As such, it has a strong effect on the access an individual has to education, the quality of that education, and how high a level he or she can reach. It also affects who one knows socially, and the extent to which those people can provide advantageous economic and employment opportunities, political participation and power, and even health and life expectancy, among many other things. Sources and Further Reading Cookson Jr., Peter W. and Caroline Hodges Persell. Preparing for Power: Americas Elite Boarding Schools. New York: Basic Books, 1985.Marx, Karl. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Trans. Moore, Samuel, Edward Aveling and Friedrich Engels. Marxists.org, 2015 (1867).Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. Trans. Moore, Samuel and Friedrich Engels. Marxists.org, 2000 (1848).Weber, Max. Economy and Society. ed. Roth, Guenther and Claus Wittich. Oakland: University of California Press, 2013 (1922).

Influence Of The Schools Closing During The Philadelphia...

Introduction: I have decided to research the influence of the schools closing in the Philadelphia area has on the youth future. Schools close of a myriad of reasons such as, money problems, test scores, foundation of the school or an overcrowded population. In 2013 the Philadelphia area has closed down thirteen schools. Student below the senior graduation year had to relocate to another school. Public and locate schools are free for all student, but because of issue with in the Philadelphia school district they had to get close down. There is not much as I can do about the close getting close down, but I do want to explore what happened to that student who had to leave and where are they at now in their life. Literature Review: Depending on the parent’s education and their degree, can influence their children path in life. (Sernau, 2012). Depending on the child environment can also determents if the children are provided with a good education or not. (Sernau, 2012) Some urban charter schools, in an attempt to carry out the mission of educating disenfranchised students, locate themselves in disadvantaged neighborhoods, and the resulting increase in minority segregation is simply a reflection of the characteristics of the neighborhoods that they serve. (Wong, K. K., Shi, J., Gao, H., Zheteyeva, Y. A., Lane, K., Copeland, D., Uzicanin, A, 2014).) Unplanned school closures affect students, communities, and families every year, and understanding the characteristics ofShow MoreRelatedDecline And Decline Of The Early Church Attendance2524 Words   |  11 Pagesscholarly research was closely examined and analyzed to determine the five main reasons for this decline. They are as follows: 1) Secularization of Society 2) Inability of the Organization to Adapt to ever-changing times 3) Failure to retain youth beyond Post High School years 4) Disenfranchised members 5) Lack of Zeal. 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The Ethical Issue Of The Act Of Capital Punishment On...

Essay My topic is discussing the ethical issue of the act of capital punishment on prisoners who have committed serious crimes. According to www.amnesty.org there are hidden executions that are taking place across the world. These countries include South and North Korea as well as America. In 2001 there were 3,048 reported cases in 31 countries. 90% of the deaths occurred in four countries. China carried out 2,468 executions. Iran killed 139 people, Saudi Arabia 79 and the United States had 66. Furthermore Japan does in fact have the highest rate of capital punishment. Also in America there is 8 states which use the death penalty as a punishment on prisoners. The state with the highest death rate is Virginia which uses the lethal injection as its preferred method. The reason capital punishment is an ethical issue is the moral decision on whether killing a human is right or wrong. Even though that prisoner has committed serious crimes and has sacrificed the lives of others, it would be mora lly wrong to kill another person. â€Å"We cannot teach that killing is wrong by killing†- U.S Catholic Conference. The reason that I chose this particular question was because I was particularly interested on the topic of how prisoners are treated on death row. This is because of the crimes they have committed and I am intrigued on whether they are treated differently. Capital punishment is wrong as you are killing human beings. Even though the prisoner has committed serious crimes, theyShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : A Form Of Legal Punishment Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment implies that the criminal is sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes. Prima facie, it appears to be the most just punishment and solution to crimes that demand such severity of punishment in proportion to the offense. 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Assembly Line Essay Free Essays

Raul Contreras History 18 November 18, 2009 Assembly line From the beginning of times, most markets and products have been targeted to the bourgeoisie and/or anyone who could easily afford these products. But in the early 1900’s, an individual named Henry Ford, decided to change this idea and dared society to work for the success of the proletariat and the lowering of costs. Henry Ford, along with other individuals, created the highly praised â€Å"moving assembly line† and started the mind change in the targeting of markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Assembly Line Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The assembly line was a way in building a final product using various people that would build particular parts, and then would assemble them together as a whole; this was a success and revolutionized the world of manufacturing. Although many opposed to this idea in the early stages, and many independent builders suffered from this method of building, the assembly line was one the best things that could have happened to the U. S. because it lowered costs of products, completed products faster, helped middle class people succeed and helped the U. S. economy grow in many different areas of economical and business productivity. Meryl Davids, journalist of the Journal of Business Strategy stated that â€Å"the conveyer-belt system was not only a marvelous way to save workers’ precious time, but, in one of the great business decisions ever, it was also a way to decrease expenses and prices, thereby increasing demand among the middle class†. The idea of working together to build a product faster and in a more efficient way was something that had gone through many minds at the time. But using the conveyor belt system along with the assembly line method of work to speed the work process, was not only something that was ingenious, but was one of the greatest ideas that any entrepreneur could have had at that time. Putting the assembly line in action, and specifically assigning each person to do a specific job, broke the ideal of a â€Å"one person job† task (a job in which one person only would start and finish a product), and presented the idea of working in cooperation with brought efficiency and speed that businesses needed to grow in a massive way. Ford’s philosophy was simple, mass production requires mass consumption, and mass consumption requires more products. This philosophy, along with the ideal of providing to the middle class clientele, was the beginning breakthrough of the assembly line and the breakthrough of affordability to middle class consumers. In the early 1900’s, as today, people were looking for affordability and a better way of living. So productivity for businesses, meaning more sales and more costumers was crucial for business’ growth, but most important, it was growth for workers, because this meant more work and more payment for the time worked. According to Timothy Taylor, 1996, â€Å"In 1905, there were more than 50 companies each year trying to break into the automobile business†. But as these companies were going bankrupt or were barely making it in because of hard competition and focus to the wealthy only, Ford changed the direction of the demand in business and sold affordable cars to middle class people. His idea of the assembly line, and the way it would decrease costs, allowed Ford to focus on the middle class clientele, and allowed cars to be sold for lower prices to working class people. The Model A, (first car produced) mainly called â€Å"the everyman car,† took ten workmen to build in a converted wagon factory in Detroit, and was a success to the working class because of its affordability and good looks, which was new to the middle class clientele. In 1901, and in the next fifteen months to come, 1,700 Model A’s were sold making it very popular to the middle class and its buyers. But as this progressed to sell, the Ford Company decided to keep improving the car, and after vast improvements, the first Model T came out of the factory in 1908. Its cost was $850 and compared to others, the affordable price and the demand of this product, produced 10,660 sales that year, and beat other car companies even though it was only the first year of this model in the market. As this was a popular vehicle, this model was mainly focused in the affordability and time it could be produced. Along with the idea of faster productivity and affordability, another great idea that Mr. Ford had was that if everyone earned a decent wage, and he produced more cars in less time at an affordable price, then everyone in the country would buy his cars. Focusing on the middle class clientele, their affordability, and his own workers to buy his own products, he decided to raise the workers wages from $2. 50 to $5. 00 overnight, virtually making him a hero to all middle class workers, because he gave the working class an open door of opportunities to grow and buy. In Henry Ford’s times, pay was presumably highly significant for job satisfaction, and people did not mind working at the assembly line if they were well paid. This was an excellent business tactic, because this triggered his workers, and other middle class people, to buy his cars. The affordability of these, and the massive demand the Model T (final mastered product), made the Ford Company massively grow in a matter of years, and helped the U. S. economy raise in an enormous way. The demand among the middle class, and affordability of products, were in fact one of the causes that drove the economy to grow in the early 1900’s, and made the assembly line successful. As business was growing, more factory workers were needed which meant that more cars were being sold and the economy rose. By 1914, 3,000 people were working in auto plants in Detroit, but amazingly by 1919, that number had increased to 75,000. According to Crews, 1999, â€Å"Ford built 308,162 cars in 1914, which exceeded the number produced by all the other automobile manufacturers†. And just to have an idea of the demand of this product, the 1913 Model T (after being revised from model A to S), grew from 78,000 to 248,000 vehicle sold per year in one year only. The massive growth of these not only demanded more vehicles to be made, but also caused more people to buy which benefited the economy. The growth of the â€Å"assembly line,† and the success of Ford’s ideals and of vehicles being sold to middle class people, attracted other companies to do the same, producing a massive turnaround in the industrial revolution and growth goods in many different areas. Companies like General Motors or Cadillac adopted the assembly line method of building, and decided to raise wages to workers so they could imitate Ford’s plan. The assembly line not only benefitted the work force, but also the country in many different ways. Not only this opened the eyes that cars were not meant only for the rich only, but also cars were for the ones that actually built these, and other middle class social groups who could afford them. The assembly line, Fords ideals of progress, and the way of how he decided to make a company work faster and more efficient, not only benefited the business world on its own, but also helped the US and middle class workers to raise themselves to a better life. The assembly line method, along with the conveyer-belt system, was not only a magnificent system to combine, but it also increased productivity and speed of work in a massive way. Other businesses that adopted this method of working saw the benefit that this had caused, and joined the pack in finishing a product faster, and with less cost. The assembly line, and the opportunities that this brought along, opened many doors to the proletariat, and helped them progress to a better life in a matter of a few years. Without middle class people not progressing, many new companies would not have been built, and many benefits of this would have not been found. Due to the cut of costs, demand of products because of its prices and quality, and more people being able to afford these, the assembly line helped the US form a stronger capital economic market. Furthermore opening many companies eyes to follow this method of working, producing more work, but most important, more spending and more buying. Resources: Crews, Ed. Henry Ford’s Model T: The Car that Started it All. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999. Davids, Meryl. â€Å"Henry Ford (1863-1947): Loving the Line. †Ã‚  Journal of Business Strategy  (Sept 1999):  ITEM99270012. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Chaffey College. 23 Nov. 2009   http://find. galegroup. com/itx/start. do? prodId=EAIM. Engstrom, Tomas,  Dan Jonsson,  and  Lars Medbo. â€Å"Production model discourse and experiences from the Swedish automotive industry. †Ã‚  International Journal of Operations Production Management  16. n2  (Feb 1996):  141(18). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Chaffey College. 24 Nov. 009   http://find. galegroup. com/itx/start. do? prodId=EAIM. Taylor, Timothy. A history of the U. S. economy in the 20th Century. Springfield, VA: The Teaching Company, 1996. Williams, Karel,  Colin Haslam,  John (American clergyman) Williams,  Andy Adcroft,  and  Sukhdev Johal. â€Å"The myth of the line: Ford’s production of the model T at Highland Park, 1909-16. â₠¬ Ã‚  Business History  35. n3  (July 1993):  66(22). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Chaffey College. 24 Nov. 2009   http://find. galegroup. com/itx/start. do? prodId=EAIM. ——————————————– 1 ]. Taylor, Timothy. A history of the U. S. economy in the 20th Century, 1996 [ 2 ]. Crews, Ed. Henry Ford’s Model T: The Car that Started it All. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999. [ 3 ]. Engstrom, Tomas,   â€Å"Production model discourse and experiences from the Swedish automotive industry (Feb 1996):   [ 4 ]. Crews, Ed. Henry Ford’s Model T: The Car that Started it All. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999 [ 5 ]. Crews, Ed. Henry Ford’s Model T: The Car that Started it All. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999 How to cite Assembly Line Essay, Essays

The Africa of My Dreams Accelerating Africa’s Industrialization

Question: Discuss about the Africa of My Dreams Accelerating Africas Industrialization. Answer: The article aims at focusing on how the Africa of my dreams would be like in the perspective of fourth industrial revolution. The article discusses my hopes and dreams along with my imagination of future Africa. Africa represents the continent which is one of the most enduring and old landmass existing in the world. The country has always been home to slavery until the time when the Portuguese arrived and gradually transformed slavery into an export business. The fuelling of the agricultural production by the African slaves caught the attention of the Dutch and Europeans who were in search of routes for trade. Although the African continent is rich in human and natural resource along with ecological, cultural and economic diversity it is considered underdeveloped (Iliffe 2017). The suffering of most of the African nations is related to the corruption, military dictatorships, war, civil unrest, deeper poverty and underdevelopment. The countries in Africa gets a clarification from the UN as one of the least developed. There has been numerous strategies implemented for the development of these countries but have failed miserably in yielding expected results. In spite of being doomed in economic slavery and perpetual poverty the continent is believed to have immense potential The population of Africa is booming and whose future will be home to around 4.4 billion people that accounts for close to four times the current population. Presently, Africa represents one of the fastest growing continents where the expected GDP growth for the future must begrow by close to 6 percent on the annual basis (Zoogah, Peng and Woldu 2015). The rise of Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) added to the intricacies of the future economies along with employment outcomes. Thus, FIR stood at equivalence to the unexplored growth in presence of internet connectivity and digitization (Yeoh 2017). Internet connectivity and digitization have the ability of driving Africa ahead and help in encouraging the process of innovation, propel newer business models and ensure improving delivery of the public services. Although the effects of FIR has been disruptive in almost all the economies but there will exists three aspects for consideration for Africa (Alin 2014). This includes: Pre eminence in the development of the digital skills Private-Public partnerships as the power levers for the development Digital rattling of Industries In Africa, the digital economy and the actual economy are not exclusive mutually. Both have gradually merged and have blurred the lines between the digital, biological and physical spheres (Caruso 2017). The growing and massive potential of Fourth Industrial Revolution also needed time to be completely grasped. The information technology industry had the responsibility of unlocking the potential for the citizen service delivery, innovation solutions, enhanced customer experience and ensured a better life for everyone. This will help in cultivating the digital skills amongst its population thereby transitioning from the lower skill and low pay jobs to the high end and higher skill pay jobs. This has been explained via a practical example in the report name The Future of Jobs and Skills in Africa. The report also suggests that for preparing a future for work, the African region will need expansion with higher skilled pool of talent through the development of a curriculum. However, Africa experienced an inclusive growth with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Inclusive growth refers to the concept that helps in advancing equitable opportunities for the economic participants during the economic growth that will have necessary inclined benefits for every section of the society. The future of the African continent would be bridged in an unparallel manner through mobile related technology (Herbst 2014).The digital infrastructure will also bring in newer opportunities for the informal and rural economies. The country will also have liberal access to technology along with decentralization of the production. Thus, the future of African investors will be aided by reimaging the solutions suitable in the context of Africa. Africa will have an easier way for doing business in a competitive manner. The continent will experience the penetration of the mobile phones in the remotest of the areas brought along by increased technological readiness. The country will also make investment in grid infrastructure for better penetration of the service. Africans will become more tech savvy and will equip themselves with newer tools for managing their households and business. The FIR will also include the women in business as they will comprise of more than half of the population (Caruso 2017). The women will also implement different perceptions and skills to face the challenges. As Africa becomes more service driven with lesser dependence on the commodities, the continent will foster digital skills. Workers will be more equipped and educated with newer skills so that they are not displaced by the digital transformation. The major boost for productivity, employment and economic growth in Africa might result from the supporting information and communication technology (ICT) (Asongu 2015). The African continent along with collaborators like Ericsson and Boston Consulting Group, World Economic Forum Africa and Cisco will help in supporting the integration projects of northern corridor. ICT will act as one of the strategic areas for facilitating the process of integration within the region. The northern corridor will collaborate to move forward with implementation and conceptualization of projects like implementation of infrastructure, broadband connectivity and ICT policy. There will also be implementation of termination rates and roaming charges along with the harmonization of subscriber identification module (SIM) registration. There will also be projects like implementation of cyber security and mainstreaming of the ICT and e-services. Africa will also experience digital migration along with the deve lopment of regulatory and policy framework for the republic of the South Sudan. The report ends by providing an insight into the future of Africa. The discussion on the hopes and dreams of Africa in the perspective of the author in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution ensures taking a sneak peek into Africas future. Africa can represent a complete player in the world economy through the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The African continent should thus be ambitious and impatient in its achievement towards the goals. Thus, Africa is pushed towards the realms of development by putting forward a transformative power. References: Alin, L.I., 2014. Research on the Model of Urbanization Based on Rural Industrialization.Journal of Landscape Research,6(5/6), p.17. Asongu, S., 2015. The impact of mobile phone penetration on African inequality.International Journal of Social Economics,42(8), pp.706-716. Caruso, L., 2017. Digital innovation and the fourth industrial revolution: epochal social changes?.Ai Society, pp.1-14. Herbst, J., 2014.States and power in Africa: Comparative lessons in authority and control. Princeton University Press. Iliffe, J., 2017.Africans: the history of a continent(Vol. 137). Cambridge University Press. Yeoh, P., 2017. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Technological Impact and Privacy and Data Security Issues.Business Law Review,38(1), pp.9-13. Zoogah, D.B., Peng, M.W. and Woldu, H., 2015. Institutions, resources, and organizational effectiveness in Africa.The Academy of Management Perspectives,29(1), pp.7-31.